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Spain

Kingdom of Spain

Civil lawUnitary parliamentary constitutional monarchyReviewed· 2026-08-02
Capital
Madrid
Population
48,400,000
Languages
Spanish
Currency
EUR

Spain · Overview

The legal system of Spain

A civil-law system built on the 1978 Constitution and codified law, with a powerful Constitutional Court and a strongly decentralised structure of autonomous communities. An EU and eurozone member whose regional parliaments hold significant legislative powers.

Legal tradition

Spain belongs to the civil law tradition. A civil-law system built on the 1978 Constitution and codified law, with a powerful Constitutional Court and a strongly decentralised structure of autonomous communities. An EU and eurozone member whose regional parliaments hold significant legislative powers.

How power is divided

A constitutional monarchy with the King as head of state, an executive led by the President of the Government, a bicameral parliament and an independent judiciary, overlaid by extensive regional self-government.

Where law comes from

Constitution
The 1978 constitution, supreme over all other norms.
EU law
Directly applicable and, in its field, paramount.
Statutes of the Cortes
Organic and ordinary laws, plus autonomous-community legislation.
Codes
The Civil Code, Commercial Code, Penal Code and procedural codes.

The legal profession

Abogados belong to local bar associations (colegios de abogados); procuradores represent parties procedurally and notaries authenticate deeds and company acts.

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