Syria · Constitution
Constitutional arrangements under the 2024–25 transition
The Constitution of 2012, which had replaced the 1973 text and formally ended the Ba'ath Party's constitutionally guaranteed leading role, ceased to operate as the governing framework after December 2024. A transitional constitutional declaration issued in March 2025 provides for an interim presidency, an appointed legislative body and a drafting process for a permanent constitution, with a transitional period measured in years. Because the arrangements are provisional and contested, this profile describes them as transitional rather than settled law.
The constitutional text
The Constitution of 2012, which had replaced the 1973 text and formally ended the Ba'ath Party's constitutionally guaranteed leading role, ceased to operate as the governing framework after December 2024. A transitional constitutional declaration issued in March 2025 provides for an interim presidency, an appointed legislative body and a drafting process for a permanent constitution, with a transitional period measured in years. Because the arrangements are provisional and contested, this profile describes them as transitional rather than settled law.
Separation of powers
Formally unitary, with fourteen governorates administered under Local Administration Law No. 107 of 2011. Effective control has been fragmented since 2012, and the northeast has been administered separately by an autonomous administration with its own councils and courts. The transitional authorities have announced an intention to reintegrate administration, which remains in progress.
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