Tunisia · Constitution
Constitution of the Republic of Tunisia
Adopted by referendum in July 2022 on a turnout of about thirty per cent, replacing the 2014 constitution written after the revolution. It concentrates executive authority in a directly elected President who appoints the government without requiring parliamentary confidence, makes ministers accountable to the President rather than to parliament, and creates a second chamber representing regions and districts. Parliament's ability to censure the government is heavily constrained. The text retains a bill of rights and, as in 2014, does not declare Islam the source of legislation, though it describes Tunisia as part of the Islamic ummah.
The constitutional text
Adopted by referendum in July 2022 on a turnout of about thirty per cent, replacing the 2014 constitution written after the revolution. It concentrates executive authority in a directly elected President who appoints the government without requiring parliamentary confidence, makes ministers accountable to the President rather than to parliament, and creates a second chamber representing regions and districts. Parliament's ability to censure the government is heavily constrained. The text retains a bill of rights and, as in 2014, does not declare Islam the source of legislation, though it describes Tunisia as part of the Islamic ummah.
Separation of powers
Unitary, with 24 governorates and an elected local tier whose powers were expanded by the 2018 Code of Local Authorities and then reduced when elected municipal councils were dissolved in 2023. The 2022 constitution adds a chamber of regions and districts to represent local government nationally.
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