Venezuela · Constitution
Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
Approved by referendum in December 1999 and amended in 2009 to remove term limits. It recognises five branches of government rather than three, adds extensive social and indigenous rights, and provides for recall referendums for all elected offices. A 2017 constituent assembly operated alongside the National Assembly until 2020 without producing a new text.
The constitutional text
Approved by referendum in December 1999 and amended in 2009 to remove term limits. It recognises five branches of government rather than three, adds extensive social and indigenous rights, and provides for recall referendums for all elected offices. A 2017 constituent assembly operated alongside the National Assembly until 2020 without producing a new text.
Separation of powers
Nominally federal with twenty-three states, but competences and revenue are heavily centralised, and parallel structures answering to the national executive have displaced much state and municipal administration.
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