Egypt · Constitution
Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt
Adopted by referendum in January 2014 after the removal of the 2012 constitution, and substantially amended in 2019. The 2019 amendments extended the presidential term from four to six years with a transitional provision permitting the incumbent to run again, restored an appointed upper chamber as the Senate, gave the President a formal role in appointing the heads of judicial bodies and the Public Prosecutor, and wrote the armed forces' responsibility for safeguarding the constitution and democracy into Article 200.
The constitutional text
Adopted by referendum in January 2014 after the removal of the 2012 constitution, and substantially amended in 2019. The 2019 amendments extended the presidential term from four to six years with a transitional provision permitting the incumbent to run again, restored an appointed upper chamber as the Senate, gave the President a formal role in appointing the heads of judicial bodies and the Public Prosecutor, and wrote the armed forces' responsibility for safeguarding the constitution and democracy into Article 200.
Separation of powers
Unitary, with 27 governorates headed by governors appointed by the President. There is no legislative devolution — governorates administer central policy, and local popular councils have been without elections for over a decade.
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