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France

French Republic

Civil lawUnitary semi-presidential republicReviewed· 2026-05-29
Capital
Paris
Population
68,200,000
Languages
French
Currency
EUR

France · Government

Government and administration in France

How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.

The three branches

Head of State — President of the Republic
Five-year term, two-term limit.
Executive — Prime Minister and Government
Appointed by the President; answerable to the Assembly.
Legislative — National Assembly and Senate
577 deputies; 348 indirectly elected senators.
Judicial — Judicial and administrative orders
Career magistrats trained at the ENM.

How legislation is made

A projet or proposition de loi shuttles between the chambers; the Assembly can be given the last word. Organic laws and constitutional amendments follow stricter routes.

Enforcement institutions

Ministère public
Prosecutors within the judiciary, headed by the procureur général.
Police nationale and Gendarmerie nationale
Urban and rural policing respectively.
Juge d’instruction
Investigating magistrate for the most serious cases.

Government bodies and regulators

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