Georgia · Constitution
Constitution of Georgia
Adopted in 1995 and substantially revised in 2004, 2010, 2017 and 2018. The cumulative effect of the later amendments was to move from a strongly presidential to a parliamentary system: from 2024 the President is elected by an electoral college rather than directly, executive power rests with a Prime Minister accountable to Parliament, and a constructive no-confidence procedure protects government stability. Chapter Two contains an extensive rights catalogue, and Article 78 commits the constitutional organs to take all measures to integrate with the European Union and NATO.
The constitutional text
Adopted in 1995 and substantially revised in 2004, 2010, 2017 and 2018. The cumulative effect of the later amendments was to move from a strongly presidential to a parliamentary system: from 2024 the President is elected by an electoral college rather than directly, executive power rests with a Prime Minister accountable to Parliament, and a constructive no-confidence procedure protects government stability. Chapter Two contains an extensive rights catalogue, and Article 78 commits the constitutional organs to take all measures to integrate with the European Union and NATO.
Separation of powers
Unitary, with the Autonomous Republic of Adjara holding its own constitution and supreme council, and Abkhazia recognised in Georgian law as an autonomous republic. Abkhazia and South Ossetia are outside the effective control of the central government, and the atlas records Georgian law as it stands while noting that it is not applied there in practice.
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