Georgia · Government
Government and administration in Georgia
How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.
The three branches
- Head of state — President
- Largely ceremonial; from 2024 elected by an electoral college for five years.
- Executive — Government led by the Prime Minister
- Accountable to Parliament; removable only by constructive no confidence.
- Legislative — Parliament of Georgia
- 150 members; fully proportional from the 2024 election.
- Judicial governance — High Council of Justice
- Appoints and disciplines judges; its composition is politically contested.
- Oversight — Public Defender of Georgia
- Ombudsman with human rights monitoring and reporting powers.
How legislation is made
Bills may be introduced by the Government, members of Parliament, a committee, the representative bodies of the autonomous republics or by an initiative of 25,000 voters. They pass three readings, and the President may veto with remarks, which Parliament overrides by a majority of its full composition. Organic laws require an absolute majority. Laws take effect on publication in the Legislative Herald.
Enforcement institutions
- Ministry of Internal Affairs
- Police; the 2004–05 reform dismissed and rebuilt the traffic police wholesale.
- Prosecutor's Office of Georgia
- Directs investigation and prosecutes; separated from the Ministry of Justice in 2018.
- Anti-Corruption Bureau
- Established in 2022; asset declarations and prevention.
- National Agency of Public Registry
- Land, corporate and secured-transactions registration.
- Competition and Consumer Agency
- Enforces competition and consumer law under the EU approximation programme.
Government bodies and regulators
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