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Guatemala

Republic of Guatemala

Civil lawUnitary presidential republicReviewed· 2026-08-02
Capital
Guatemala City
Population
17,600,000
Languages
Spanish, K'iche'
Currency
GTQ

Guatemala · Government

Government and administration in Guatemala

How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.

The three branches

Executive — President and Vice-President
Single four-year term; re-election absolutely barred.
Legislative — Congress of the Republic
160 deputies elected for four years.
Judicial — Corte Suprema de Justicia
Elected by Congress from lists drawn up by nominating commissions.
Oversight — Procurador de los Derechos Humanos
Human-rights ombudsman appointed by Congress.

How legislation is made

Bills go through three readings and article-by-article approval in Congress. The President may veto within 15 days; Congress overrides with two-thirds. Bills touching constitutional matters must be sent to the Corte de Constitucionalidad for a prior opinion.

Enforcement institutions

Ministerio Público
Headed by a Fiscal General serving a fixed four-year term.
Policía Nacional Civil
Created by the 1996 peace accords to replace the militarised police.
Instituto de la Defensa Pública Penal
Autonomous public defender, including bilingual defenders.

Government bodies and regulators

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