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Iceland

Civil law (Nordic)Unitary parliamentary republicReviewed· 2026-08-02
Capital
Reykjavík
Population
390,000
Languages
Icelandic
Currency
ISK

Iceland · Overview

The legal system of Iceland

A Nordic civil-law system whose parliament, the Althingi, traces its origins to 930 AD. Iceland is not an EU member but is bound by most single-market law through the EEA Agreement.

Legal tradition

Iceland belongs to the civil law (nordic) tradition. A Nordic civil-law system whose parliament, the Althingi, traces its origins to 930 AD. Iceland is not an EU member but is bound by most single-market law through the EEA Agreement.

How power is divided

Parliamentary government with a directly elected President who holds a suspensive veto that can trigger a referendum, and an independent three-tier judiciary.

Where law comes from

Constitution
The 1944 constitution as amended.
EEA law
Single-market rules incorporated through the EEA Agreement.
Acts of the Althingi
Primary legislation.
Regulations
Issued by ministers under statutory authority.

The legal profession

Lawyers qualify through a law degree and practical requirements; rights of audience are tiered from district court up to the Supreme Court.

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