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Ireland

Common lawUnitary parliamentary republicReviewed· 2026-08-02
Capital
Dublin
Population
5,300,000
Languages
Irish, English
Currency
EUR

Ireland · Constitution

Constitution of Ireland (Bunreacht na hÉireann)

The 1937 Constitution establishes a parliamentary republic, guarantees enumerated and unenumerated personal rights, and can be amended only by referendum — a power used repeatedly on divorce, marriage equality and abortion.

The constitutional text

The 1937 Constitution establishes a parliamentary republic, guarantees enumerated and unenumerated personal rights, and can be amended only by referendum — a power used repeatedly on divorce, marriage equality and abortion.

Separation of powers

Parliamentary government with a directly elected President as head of state, a bicameral Oireachtas and an independent judiciary with robust constitutional-review powers.

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