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Mexico

United Mexican States

Civil lawFederal presidential republicReviewed· 2026-08-02
Capital
Mexico City
Population
130,000,000
Languages
Spanish, Nahuatl
Currency
MXN

Mexico · Constitution

Political Constitution of the United Mexican States

Promulgated on 5 February 1917 at Querétaro, it is the oldest revolutionary constitution still in force and the first anywhere to entrench social rights — Article 27 on land and subsoil, and Article 123 on labour. It has been amended more than 700 times. A 2011 human-rights amendment to Article 1 gave ratified treaties constitutional rank and imposed a pro persona rule of interpretation on every authority.

The constitutional text

Promulgated on 5 February 1917 at Querétaro, it is the oldest revolutionary constitution still in force and the first anywhere to entrench social rights — Article 27 on land and subsoil, and Article 123 on labour. It has been amended more than 700 times. A 2011 human-rights amendment to Article 1 gave ratified treaties constitutional rank and imposed a pro persona rule of interpretation on every authority.

Separation of powers

Federal. Powers not expressly granted to the union are reserved to the 32 states (Article 124). States run their own civil, family and criminal-enforcement codes, but criminal procedure, labour and commercial law were federalised to produce single national codes.

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