Rights
Amparo is the master remedy against any act of authority
Rights are enforced through the juicio de amparo, available against laws, judicial decisions, administrative acts and omissions. The 2011 reform to Article 1 gave ratified human-rights treaties constitutional rank and requires every authority to prefer the interpretation most favourable to the person.
Key rules
- Amparo indirecto goes to a district court; amparo directo challenges a final judgment before a circuit court.
- Article 1 obliges all authorities to promote, respect, protect and guarantee human rights under the pro persona principle.
- Amparo generally protects only the complainant, but a declaratoria general de inconstitucionalidad can void a norm for everyone.
- Suspension of the challenged act is available and is often the practical objective of filing.
- Collective and diffuse interests gained standing through the 2013 Amparo Act's interés legítimo.
Governing law
- Political Constitution of the United Mexican States (Arts 1, 103, 107)Rights framework and the amparo.
- Ley de Amparo (DOF 2 April 2013)Current procedural statute.
In practice
Deadlines are short and strictly applied: 15 working days for most amparo claims, eight years for a final criminal sentence, and 30 days where the claim is against a general norm. Filing is possible through the federal judiciary's electronic portal with an e-signature.