Business
Commercial companies code with a fast electronic register
The Commercial Companies Code of 2000 governs partnerships and companies. The spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością (sp. z o.o.) is the standard vehicle, with a minimum capital of PLN 5,000, and can be registered electronically through the S24 system.
Key rules
- Registration in the National Court Register (KRS) is constitutive for companies.
- Minimum share capital is PLN 5,000 for an sp. z o.o. and PLN 100,000 for a joint-stock company.
- Beneficial owners must be reported to the Central Register of Beneficial Owners.
- Management board members are personally liable for company debts if insolvency filing is late.
Governing law
- Commercial Companies Code (2000)Kodeks spółek handlowych.
- Civil Code (1964)General contract and obligations rules.
- Entrepreneurs Act (2018)Part of the Business Constitution package.
In practice
S24 incorporation with a template deed can complete in about a day, but any deviation from the template requires a notarial deed and the ordinary registration route.