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Poland

Republic of Poland

Civil lawUnitary parliamentary republicReviewed· 2026-08-02
Capital
Warsaw
Population
36,700,000
Languages
Polish
Currency
PLN

Poland · Courts

Court structure of Poland

Every tier of the judiciary, what it hears, and where an appeal goes next.

The hierarchy, top to bottom

Constitutional — Constitutional Tribunal (Trybunał Konstytucyjny)
Reviews statutes; hears constitutional complaints.
Supreme — Supreme Court (Sąd Najwyższy)
Cassation in civil, criminal and labour cases.
Appellate — Courts of appeal (sądy apelacyjne)
Eleven appellate districts.
First instance — Regional and district courts
Value and gravity decide which court hears the case.
Specialised — Supreme Administrative Court and voivodeship courts
A separate two-tier administrative judiciary.

Every court in the hierarchy

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