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San Marino

Republic of San Marino

Civil lawParliamentary republicReviewed· 2026-08-02
Capital
City of San Marino
Population
34,000
Languages
Italian
Currency
EUR
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San Marino · Rights

Rights in San Marino

What the atlas records on rights in San Marino, checked against the primary sources cited below.

Rights

The Declaration of Citizens' Rights with directly effective ECHR

Reviewed· 2026-08-02

The 1974 Declaration guarantees fundamental rights and expressly incorporates international human-rights norms into San Marino law. The ECHR applies directly, and the Collegio Garante can review legislation against it.

Key rules

  • International human-rights norms are part of the constitutional order under the Declaration.
  • Discrimination on grounds including sex, personal condition and belief is prohibited.
  • The Collegio Garante may annul laws incompatible with protected rights.

Governing law

  • Declaration of Citizens' Rights (Law 59/1974)
  • European Convention on Human RightsRatified 1989

In practice

San Marino abolished capital punishment in the nineteenth century, among the earliest states in the world to do so.

Sources

Rights

Ancient Statutes, the 1974 Declaration of Rights and six-month Captains Regent

Reviewed· 2026-08-02

San Marino has no single written constitution. Its constitutional order combines the 1600 Leges Statutae, the 1974 Declaration of Citizens' Rights and constitutional custom, with two Captains Regent serving as joint heads of state for six months.

Key rules

  • The Declaration of Citizens' Rights functions as the constitutional charter and prevails over ordinary law.
  • Two Captains Regent hold office jointly for six months and cannot be immediately reappointed.
  • The Collegio Garante reviews the constitutionality of laws and hears certain rights claims.

Governing law

  • Declaration of Citizens' Rights (Law 59/1974, revised 2002)
  • Leges Statutae Republicae Sancti Marini (1600)

In practice

Outgoing Captains Regent face the sindacato della Reggenza, a public procedure allowing any citizen to complain about their conduct in office.

Sources

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