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Belize

Common lawParliamentary constitutional monarchyReviewed· 2026-08-02
Capital
Belmopan
Population
410,000
Languages
English, Spanish
Currency
BZD

Belize · Government

Government and administration in Belize

How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.

The three branches

Head of State — The Crown, represented by the Governor-General
Acts on the advice of Cabinet.
Executive — Prime Minister and Cabinet
Drawn from and accountable to the National Assembly.
Legislative — National Assembly
House of Representatives (31 elected) and appointed Senate (14).
Judicial — High Court and Court of Appeal
Judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Services Commission.

How legislation is made

A bill passes three readings in the House of Representatives, then the Senate, and receives the Governor-General's assent. Money bills originate in the House. Constitutional amendments need a two-thirds majority of all House members, and certain entrenched provisions require three-quarters.

Enforcement institutions

Director of Public Prosecutions
Constitutionally independent control of criminal prosecutions.
Belize Police Department
National force under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Office of the Ombudsman
Investigates maladministration; reports to the National Assembly.

Government bodies and regulators

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