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Estonia

Republic of Estonia

Civil lawUnitary parliamentary republicReviewed· 2026-08-02
Capital
Tallinn
Population
1,370,000
Languages
Estonian
Currency
EUR

Estonia · Government

Government and administration in Estonia

How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.

The three branches

Head of State — President of the Republic
Elected by the Riigikogu; largely ceremonial.
Executive — Prime Minister and Government
Accountable to the Riigikogu.
Legislative — Riigikogu
Single chamber of 101 members; online voting used.
Judicial — Three-tier courts headed by Riigikohus
Career judiciary.

How legislation is made

Bills pass three readings in the Riigikogu and are proclaimed by the President, who may return a bill once for reconsideration.

Enforcement institutions

Police and Border Guard Board
Integrated national police and border agency.
Office of the Prosecutor General
Directs criminal prosecution.

Government bodies and regulators

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