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Eswatini

Kingdom of Eswatini

Mixed Roman-Dutch, English common law and Swazi customary lawAbsolute monarchyReviewed· 2026-08-03
Capital
Mbabane
Population
1,200,000
Languages
siSwati, English
Currency
SZL

Eswatini · Criminal

Criminal in Eswatini

What the atlas records on criminal in Eswatini, checked against the primary sources cited below.

Criminal

Roman-Dutch common-law crimes with statutory supplements and retained capital punishment

Reviewed· 2026-08-03

Serious offences remain Roman-Dutch common-law crimes, supplemented by statutes including the Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence Act 2018 and the Suppression of Terrorism Act 2008. The death penalty is retained but has not been carried out since 1983. Swazi National Courts try minor customary offences.

Key rules

  • Jurisdiction — Magistrates' courts try most offences; the High Court hears murder; the Supreme Court is final.
  • Deadline — Arrested person brought before a court within 48 hours

Governing law

  • Criminal Procedure and Evidence Act 67 of 1938
  • Sexual Offences and Domestic Violence Act 15 of 2018
  • Suppression of Terrorism Act 3 of 2008

In practice

The Suppression of Terrorism Act has been the most contested criminal statute, used against political activists and criticised for definitional breadth; parts of it were declared unconstitutional in 2016 before being amended.

Sources

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