Eswatini · Government
Government and administration in Eswatini
How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.
The three branches
- Head of state — King (Ngwenyama)
- Holds executive authority; appoints the Prime Minister and judges.
- Executive — Cabinet led by the Prime Minister
- Appointed by the King; accountable to him in practice.
- Legislature — House of Assembly and Senate
- Majority elected on a non-party basis; the King appoints a substantial minority of both chambers.
- Judiciary — Judicial Service Commission
- Advises the King, who makes judicial appointments.
How legislation is made
Bills pass the House of Assembly and Senate and require royal assent, which the King may withhold. The King may also legislate by decree in defined circumstances, and bills touching Swazi law and custom are referred to traditional structures. Constitutional amendment requires a two-thirds majority of both chambers sitting jointly, and for entrenched provisions a referendum.
Enforcement institutions
- Director of Public Prosecutions
- Prosecuting authority within the Ministry of Justice.
- Royal Eswatini Police Service
- Principal investigative and public-order agency.
- Anti-Corruption Commission
- Statutory anti-corruption investigator.
- Commission on Human Rights and Public Administration
- Constitutional body receiving rights and maladministration complaints.
Government bodies and regulators
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