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Holy See (Vatican City)

Vatican City State

Canon law and civil lawEcclesiastical elective absolute monarchyReviewed· 2026-08-02
Capital
Vatican City
Population
800
Languages
Italian, Latin
Currency
EUR

Holy See (Vatican City) · Government

Government and administration in Holy See (Vatican City)

How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.

The three branches

Head of State — The Supreme Pontiff (Pope)
Holds full sovereign power.
Executive — Governorate of Vatican City State
Administers the State under a President.
Legislative — Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State
Issues laws in the Pope’s name.
Judicial — Vatican tribunals
Apply canon and Vatican law.

How legislation is made

Laws are prepared by the Pontifical Commission and take effect with the Pope’s approval, published in the Acta Apostolicae Sedis supplement.

Enforcement institutions

Corpo della Gendarmeria
Vatican police and security force.
Office of the Promoter of Justice
Vatican prosecutor.

Government bodies and regulators

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