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Romania

Civil lawUnitary semi-presidential republicReviewed· 2026-08-02
Capital
Bucharest
Population
19,000,000
Languages
Romanian
Currency
RON

Romania · Constitution

Constitution of Romania

Adopted by referendum in 1991 and substantially revised in 2003 to prepare for EU and NATO accession, adding property guarantees, minority language rights in courts and a longer presidential term. Revision requires two-thirds of each chamber and approval by referendum.

The constitutional text

Adopted by referendum in 1991 and substantially revised in 2003 to prepare for EU and NATO accession, adding property guarantees, minority language rights in courts and a longer presidential term. Revision requires two-thirds of each chamber and approval by referendum.

Separation of powers

Semi-presidential: a directly elected President shares executive power with a Government answerable to Parliament, and constitutional conflicts between them are themselves justiciable before the Constitutional Court.

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