Romania · Government
Government and administration in Romania
How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.
The three branches
- Head of State — President of Romania
- Directly elected for five years; may be suspended by Parliament and removed by referendum.
- Executive — Government under the Prime Minister
- Invested by Parliament; may legislate by delegated and emergency ordinance.
- Legislative — Chamber of Deputies and Senate
- Bicameral, with a decisional chamber designated per subject matter.
- Judicial — Courts headed by the HCCJ
- Superior Council of Magistracy guarantees judicial independence.
How legislation is made
A bill goes to a first-notified chamber and then to the decisional chamber, whose vote is final. The President may return it once for reconsideration or refer it to the Constitutional Court before promulgation and publication in Monitorul Oficial.
Enforcement institutions
- Public Ministry (Prosecutor’s Office attached to the HCCJ)
- Heads the prosecution service.
- National Anticorruption Directorate (DNA)
- Specialised prosecutors for high-level corruption.
- Romanian Police and Gendarmerie
- Ordinary policing and public order.
Government bodies and regulators
- executiveMinistry of Justice (Ministerul Justiției)Administers justice services and public registers.
- executiveNational Agency for Fiscal Administration (ANAF)Assesses and collects taxes and contributions.
- executiveNational Agency for Cadastre and Land Registration (ANCPI)Maintains the cadastre and the land book.
- independentOmbudsman (Avocatul Poporului)Defends rights and freedoms against public authorities.
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