Immigration
Wartime exit restrictions alongside an ordinary permit system
Foreigners enter under the 2011 Law on the legal status of foreigners, with employment permits issued by the employment service. Martial law adds a border regime that restricts departure by most male citizens aged 18 to 60 and requires military registration.
Key rules
- A work permit is obtained by the employer before a type D visa is issued.
- Temporary residence permits track the duration of the work permit or study.
- Permanent residence requires an immigration permit, generally within an annual quota.
- Male citizens of conscription age face exit restrictions under the martial law regime.
Governing law
- Law on the legal status of foreigners and stateless persons (2011)
- Law on employment of the population (2012)Work permits for foreigners.
- Law on mobilisation preparation and mobilisation (1993)As amended in 2024.
In practice
Residence permits are now issued as biometric cards through the migration service, and overstaying even briefly triggers an entry ban that is hard to lift from outside the country.