Mongolia · Constitution
Constitution of Mongolia
Adopted in January 1992, replacing the socialist constitutions of 1924, 1940 and 1960. It establishes Mongolia as a republic with a directly elected President, a unicameral State Great Khural, and a guarantee of human rights and freedoms in Chapter Two. The 2019 amendment was the most significant revision: it limited the President to a single six-year term, strengthened the Prime Minister's control over cabinet appointments to curb parliamentary instability, and tightened judicial-appointment procedures. A further amendment in 2023 expanded the State Great Khural from 76 to 126 members and introduced a mixed electoral system.
The constitutional text
Adopted in January 1992, replacing the socialist constitutions of 1924, 1940 and 1960. It establishes Mongolia as a republic with a directly elected President, a unicameral State Great Khural, and a guarantee of human rights and freedoms in Chapter Two. The 2019 amendment was the most significant revision: it limited the President to a single six-year term, strengthened the Prime Minister's control over cabinet appointments to curb parliamentary instability, and tightened judicial-appointment procedures. A further amendment in 2023 expanded the State Great Khural from 76 to 126 members and introduced a mixed electoral system.
Separation of powers
Unitary. Twenty-one provinces (aimags) plus the capital, subdivided into soums and districts. Local self-governing assemblies (hurals) sit alongside centrally appointed governors, who are nominated locally but confirmed by the Prime Minister — a hybrid that keeps substantial central control over local administration.
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