Rights
A semi-presidential republic with a dedicated constitutional court
The 1992 Constitution created a parliamentary republic with a directly elected president. The Constitutional Court, called the Tsets, reviews legislation and its findings bind the State Great Khural once confirmed.
Key rules
- Jurisdiction — Unitary state divided into 21 aimags and the capital. The Tsets sits separately from the ordinary court hierarchy.
Governing law
- Constitution of Mongolia1992, amended 2019 and 2023
- Law on the Constitutional Court of Mongolia
In practice
The 2019 amendments strengthened the prime minister's control over cabinet appointments and limited the president to a single six-year term. The 2023 amendment enlarged parliament to 126 seats and introduced a partly proportional system. Chapter Two guarantees a substantial list of rights, and the Tsets can be petitioned by citizens directly, which makes it unusually accessible for the region. A Tsets finding of unconstitutionality is referred to parliament, and if parliament rejects it the court may then rule finally.