Mongolia · Government
Government and administration in Mongolia
How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.
The three branches
- Head of state — President
- Directly elected for a single six-year term following the 2019 amendment.
- Executive — Cabinet, led by the Prime Minister
- The 2019 amendment gave the Prime Minister direct authority over ministerial appointments.
- Legislative — State Great Khural
- Unicameral; expanded from 76 to 126 members for the 2024 election.
- Judicial — Supreme Court and lower courts
- The Judicial General Council administers appointments and discipline.
- Constitutional — Constitutional Court (Tsets)
- Nine members; the only body that may rule on constitutionality.
How legislation is made
Bills are introduced by members of the State Great Khural, the President or the Cabinet, considered in standing committee and then in plenary. The President may veto a bill in whole or in part, and the veto is overridden by a two-thirds majority. Laws take effect ten days after publication in the State Information Bulletin unless the statute provides otherwise. The Law on Legislation requires regulatory impact assessment and public consultation for draft laws.
Enforcement institutions
- General Police Department
- National police service under the Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs.
- Prosecutor General's Office
- Directs criminal prosecution and supervises the legality of investigation.
- Independent Authority Against Corruption
- Investigates corruption offences and administers asset and income declarations by officials.
- National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia
- Investigates complaints and reports annually to the State Great Khural.
- General Authority for Court Decision Enforcement
- Enforces civil judgments and administers custodial sentences.
Government bodies and regulators
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