Peru · Constitution
Political Constitution of Peru
Approved by referendum in 1993 after the 1992 self-coup, replacing the 1979 Constitution. It reduced the state's economic role, created a unicameral Congress and established the Defensoría del Pueblo. A 2018 referendum banned immediate re-election of legislators; a 2024 reform restored bicameralism with effect from the 2026 elections.
The constitutional text
Approved by referendum in 1993 after the 1992 self-coup, replacing the 1979 Constitution. It reduced the state's economic role, created a unicameral Congress and established the Defensoría del Pueblo. A 2018 referendum banned immediate re-election of legislators; a 2024 reform restored bicameralism with effect from the 2026 elections.
Separation of powers
Unitary and decentralised, with twenty-five regional governments and the Lima Metropolitan Municipality holding elected councils and administrative competence. Peasant and native communities exercise jurisdiction within their territory under Article 149 in coordination with the justices of the peace.
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