Rights
1993 Constitution with a Tribunal Constitucional and amparo
Peru's 1993 Constitution establishes a unitary republic with a Tribunal Constitucional that hears final appeals in constitutional actions and rules on the constitutionality of statutes. The Código Procesal Constitucional consolidates amparo, habeas corpus, habeas data and the acción de cumplimiento. Constitutional processes take priority over ordinary litigation.
Key rules
- Jurisdiction — Unitary state with national constitutional jurisdiction
- Deadline — Amparo: 60 business days from the act complained of
- Deadline — Habeas corpus: no time limit, decided immediately
Governing law
- Constitución Política del Perú1993
- Ley 31307 - Nuevo Código Procesal Constitucional
In practice
Peru consolidated all constitutional remedies into a single procedural code, first in 2004 and then replaced by Ley 31307 in 2021, which is unusual and makes the procedural rules for amparo and habeas corpus easy to locate in one instrument. The Tribunal Constitucional also issues binding precedents that lower courts must follow, giving its rulings force beyond the individual case.