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Russia

Russian Federation

Civil lawFederal semi-presidential republicReviewed· 2026-08-02
Capital
Moscow
Population
144,000,000
Languages
Russian
Currency
RUB

Russia · Business

Business in Russia

What the atlas records on business in Russia, checked against the primary sources cited below.

Business

Civil Code company law with heavy counter-sanctions overlay

Reviewed· 2026-08-02

Companies are governed by the Civil Code and the laws on limited liability and joint-stock companies, with an OOO requiring only RUB 10,000 of capital. Since 2022 presidential decrees on counter-sanctions control transactions with persons from unfriendly states.

Key rules

  • Minimum capital is RUB 10,000 for an OOO and RUB 100,000 for a public joint-stock company.
  • Registration is with the Federal Tax Service, which maintains the unified register of legal entities.
  • Transactions involving unfriendly-state persons may require government commission approval.
  • Some foreign-owned assets have been placed under temporary state management by decree.

Governing law

  • Civil Code of the Russian Federation (1994)Part One on legal entities.
  • Federal Law No. 14-FZ on limited liability companies (1998)
  • Presidential Decree No. 618 on transactions with shares (2022)Counter-sanctions consent regime.

In practice

Exit by a foreign shareholder now typically needs approval of the government subcommission plus a mandatory discount and budget contribution, so the corporate documents are the easier half of the deal.

Sources

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