Employment
A 2001 Labour Code with an exhaustive list of dismissal grounds
The Labour Code of 2001 is employee-protective on paper: dismissal is lawful only on a listed ground, redundancy requires two months' notice and severance, and electronic employment records became the default for new entrants from 2021.
Key rules
- Dismissal is only lawful on a ground listed in Article 77 and following.
- Redundancy requires two months' written notice plus one month's severance pay.
- Annual paid leave is at least 28 calendar days.
- Individual labour disputes must be brought within three months, or one month for dismissal.
Governing law
- Labour Code of the Russian Federation (2001)
- Federal Law No. 439-FZ on electronic employment records (2019)
- Federal Law No. 407-FZ on remote work (2020)
In practice
Employees generally win reinstatement claims where the employer skipped a formal step, but the one-month deadline for challenging a dismissal is unforgiving and is not extended by internal appeals.