Russia · Government
Government and administration in Russia
How the executive, legislature and administrative state are organised, and which body is responsible for what.
The three branches
- Head of State — President of the Russian Federation
- Six-year term; 2020 amendments reset the term count.
- Executive — Government under the Chairman
- Chairman approved by the State Duma; ministers largely presidential appointments.
- Legislative — State Duma (450) and Federation Council
- Federal Assembly; the Council represents the federal subjects.
- Judicial — Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, general and arbitrazh courts
- Judges appointed by the President or the Federation Council.
How legislation is made
Bills pass three readings in the State Duma, go to the Federation Council, and are signed by the President; a veto is overridden by two-thirds of each chamber. Since 2020 the President may refer an adopted bill to the Constitutional Court before signing.
Enforcement institutions
- Prosecutor General’s Office
- Supervises legality and conducts prosecution.
- Investigative Committee
- Independent federal pre-trial investigation body since 2011.
- Ministry of Internal Affairs
- Police and public order across the Federation.
Government bodies and regulators
- executiveMinistry of Justice (Министерство юстиции)Registers organisations and supervises the legal professions.
- executiveFederal Tax Service (ФНС)Assesses and collects taxes and maintains the company registers.
- executiveRosreestr (Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography)Registers rights in real property and maintains the cadastre.
- independentCommissioner for Human Rights in the Russian FederationExamines complaints about violations of rights by state bodies.
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