Russia · Courts
Court structure of Russia
Every tier of the judiciary, what it hears, and where an appeal goes next.
The hierarchy, top to bottom
- Constitutional — Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
- Reduced to eleven judges by the 2020 amendments; sits in St Petersburg.
- Supreme — Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
- Apex for civil, criminal, administrative and commercial cases since the 2014 merger.
- Appellate — Cassation and appellate courts of general jurisdiction
- Nine cassation and five appellate circuits created in 2019.
- First instance — District courts and justices of the peace
- Regional courts hear the gravest criminal cases at first instance.
- Specialised — Arbitrazh (commercial) courts and the IP Court
- A parallel commercial hierarchy plus a specialised intellectual-property court.
Every court in the hierarchy
- constitutionalSaint PetersburgConstitutional Court of the Russian FederationRussian Federation — constitutional review, federal competence disputes
- supremeMoscowSupreme Court of the Russian FederationRussian Federation — civil, criminal, administrative and commercial cases
- specialisedMoscowIntellectual Property Court of RussiaRussian Federation — intellectual property disputes
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