Tajikistan · Constitution
Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan
Adopted by referendum in November 1994 during the civil war and amended by referendum in 1999, 2003 and 2016. It establishes a secular, unitary presidential republic with a bicameral Supreme Assembly and guarantees rights in Chapter Two, including a prohibition on torture and a right to judicial protection. The 1999 and 2003 amendments extended and then re-set the presidential term. The 2016 package was the most consequential: it created the constitutional office of Leader of the Nation exempt from term limits, banned religiously based parties, and barred citizens with foreign nationality from public office.
The constitutional text
Adopted by referendum in November 1994 during the civil war and amended by referendum in 1999, 2003 and 2016. It establishes a secular, unitary presidential republic with a bicameral Supreme Assembly and guarantees rights in Chapter Two, including a prohibition on torture and a right to judicial protection. The 1999 and 2003 amendments extended and then re-set the presidential term. The 2016 package was the most consequential: it created the constitutional office of Leader of the Nation exempt from term limits, banned religiously based parties, and barred citizens with foreign nationality from public office.
Separation of powers
Unitary with one autonomous unit. Two regions (Sughd and Khatlon), the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, the districts of republican subordination and the city of Dushanbe. Gorno-Badakhshan's autonomy is constitutionally entrenched and it has its own assembly, but the practical scope of that autonomy has narrowed substantially, particularly after the security operations in the region in 2021-22. Regional and district chairmen are appointed by the President.
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