Procedures
Three instances plus separate economic courts for commercial disputes
The Civil Procedure Code governs ordinary claims, while a separate Economic Procedure Code and dedicated economic courts handle commercial disputes between businesses.
Key rules
- Jurisdiction — Ordinary courts for civil claims; the Supreme Economic Court heads a parallel commercial hierarchy.
- Deadline — Appeal within one month of the reasoned judgment
- Deadline — Three-year general limitation period
Governing law
- Civil Procedure Code of the Republic of Tajikistan2008
- Economic Procedure Code
- Law on Arbitration Courts2008
In practice
The split between ordinary and economic courts is the structural feature to get right: a commercial dispute filed in the wrong hierarchy is returned. Procedure in both is written and judge-led with active evidence-gathering by the court. Enforcement is through the state enforcement service. Tajikistan acceded to the New York Convention in 2012, so foreign arbitral awards are enforceable, and the 2008 statute provides for domestic arbitration, though institutional arbitration remains thin.